In summary, Pulse Electronics, a YAGEO Company offers three common types of embedded surface mount antenna solutions: ceramic monopoles, helical monopoles, and ceramic planar F antennas (PIFAs). The ceramic monopoles are the easiest of the three to design into a device and are suitable for most applications. These antennas are omni-directional in the XY plane with radiation efficiency ranging from 50 to 70%. Similarly, the helical monopole is omni-directional in the XY plane, with a radiation efficiency range of 50 to 55%. Helical monopole antennas are physically shorter than standard monopoles and are ideally suited for non-handheld devices as they are sensitive to dielectric loading. PIFAs are the most engineering intensive of the embedded antennas to design-in, requiring an experienced RF engineer. Best suited for handheld applications, PIFAs offer the greatest RF gains and the highest radiation efficiency, typically greater than 70%. PIFAs are available in ground clearance and on-ground types. Ground clearance antennas require that copper be removed from all layers on the PCB. On Ground antennas require a removal of copper area only on the top-most layer, allowing pour and placement of components on the underside of the PCB.  In order to allow for greater radiation efficiency, the OG type PIFA must be physically taller to compensate for this benefit. A critical factor to consider in the design is the PC board dimensions. When the dimensions of the PCB change, not only does the efficiency of the board change, but the impedance bandwidth is effected by PCB geometric details. A loaded PIFA is short circuited to PCB ground, and the antenna element electrical length is one quarter of the wavelength (λ/4). The PC board layout and size affects overall PIFA frequency, bandwidth, feed impedance and total radiation performance. Antenna location and orientation, proximity to metallic devices, and proper grounding are important factors to consider when designing in embedded antennas.