Lowering the power-supply voltage is a straightforward way to reduce noise emissions. That’s because noise power (P) varies with the square of the voltage, since P=VI=V(V/Z)=V2Z. Thus, when you lower Vcc from 5V to 3.3V, the noise level will decrease significantly. (Theoretically, it will drop by 57 percent; in actuality, though, the decrease will be less because much of the microcontroller’s internal circuitry is run from a voltage regulator and therefore is independent of the applied voltage.) Using a smaller Vcc also allows the use of lower-voltage, larger-value filter capacitors.