So given the limitations of WEP, it became important to develop strong standards for wireless security. In late 2001, with export protections relaxed, development began on a new strong, standards-based encryption standard, that would address the shortcoming and issues with WEP. The result was Wi-Fi protected access, or WPA. Shipping in early 2003, WPA included user authentication missing in WEP, along with dynamic key distribution and TKIP encryption, a major advance. TKIP stands for Temporary Key Integrity Protocol. TKIP allows key changes to occur on a frame-by-frame basis and to be automatically synchronized between the access point and the wireless client. TKIP is required in WPA. The TKIP encryption algorithm is stronger than the one used by WEP but works by using the same hardware-based calculation mechanisms WEP uses.