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制造商零件编号 4500
CLUE NRF52840 EXPRESS
Adafruit Industries LLC
CLUE Step Counter with ST LSM6DS33
2022-02-22 | By Adafruit Industries
License: See Original Project Wearables
Courtesy of Adafruit
Guide by Liz Clark
Overview
You can clue into your daily step count with the CLUE board! Pair it with a wearable case and you have a DIY step counter. A lot of step counters require an app to see your data, but with this project you can see your daily steps without any fears about your data security.
How It Works
The CLUE's on-board accelerometer has a built-in pedometer. With the CircuitPython CLUE and LSM6DS33 libraries, you can access the pedometer to count your steps with just a few lines of code.
In addition to monitoring your total step count, you can also track your progress towards your step goal and see how many steps per hour you're taking. To keep your battery life going strong, you can also adjust the CLUE's display brightness using the A and B buttons on either side of the screen.
Parts
Breadboard-friendly SPDT Slide Switch
Lithium Ion Polymer Battery Ideal For Feathers - 3.7V 400mAh
Fully Reversible Pink/Purple USB A to micro B Cable - 1m long
Project Video
CircuitPython on CLUE
CircuitPython is a derivative of MicroPython designed to simplify experimentation and education on low-cost microcontrollers. It makes it easier than ever to get prototyping by requiring no upfront desktop software downloads. Simply copy and edit files on the CIRCUITPY flash drive to iterate.
The following instructions will show you how to install CircuitPython. If you've already installed CircuitPython but are looking to update it or reinstall it, the same steps work for that as well!
Set up CircuitPython Quick Start!
Follow this quick step-by-step for super-fast Python power :)
Download the latest version of CircuitPython for CLUE from circuitpython.org
Click the link above to download the latest version of CircuitPython for the CLUE.
Download and save it to your desktop (or wherever is handy).
Plug your CLUE into your computer using a known-good USB cable.
A lot of people end up using charge-only USB cables and it is very frustrating! So make sure you have a USB cable you know is good for data sync.
Double-click the Reset button on the top (magenta arrow) on your board, and you will see the NeoPixel RGB LED (green arrow) turn green. If it turns red, check the USB cable, try another USB port, etc. Note: The little red LED next to the USB connector will pulse red. That's ok!
If double-clicking doesn't work the first time, try again. Sometimes it can take a few tries to get the rhythm right!
You will see a new disk drive appear called CLUEBOOT.
Drag the adafruit-circuitpython-clue-etc.uf2 file to CLUEBOOT.
The LED will flash. Then, the CLUEBOOT drive will disappear, and a new disk drive called CIRCUITPY will appear.
If this is the first time, you're installing CircuitPython or you're doing a completely fresh install after erasing the filesystem, you will have two files - boot_out.txt, and code.py, and one folder - lib on your CIRCUITPY drive.
If CircuitPython was already installed, the files present before reloading CircuitPython should still be present on your CIRCUITPY drive. Loading CircuitPython will not create new files if there was already a CircuitPython filesystem present.
That's it, you're done! :)
CLUE CircuitPython Libraries
The CLUE is packed full of features like a display and a ton of sensors. Now that you have CircuitPython installed on your CLUE, you'll need to install a base set of CircuitPython libraries to use the features of the board with CircuitPython.
Follow these steps to get the necessary libraries installed.
Installing CircuitPython Libraries on your CLUE
If you do not already have a lib folder on your CIRCUITPY drive, create one now.
Then, download the CircuitPython library bundle that matches your version of CircuitPython from CircuitPython.org.
Download the latest library bundle from circuitpython.org
The bundle downloads as a .zip file. Extract the file. Open the resulting folder.
Open the lib folder found within.
Once inside, you'll find a lengthy list of folders and .mpy files. To install a CircuitPython library, you drag the file or folder from the bundle lib folder to the lib folder on your CIRCUITPY drive.
Copy the following folders and files from the bundle lib folder to the lib folder on your CIRCUITPY drive:
adafruit_apds9960
adafruit_bmp280.mpy
adafruit_bus_device
adafruit_clue.mpy
adafruit_display_shapes
adafruit_display_text
adafruit_lis3mdl.mpy
adafruit_lsm6ds
adafruit_register
adafruit_sht31d.mpy
adafruit_slideshow.mpy
neopixel.mpy
Your lib folder should look like the image on the left. These libraries will let you run the demos in the CLUE guide.
Coding the CLUE Step Counter
Additional Libraries
Once you've finished setting up your CLUE, add these additional libraries to the lib folder:
adafruit_bitmap_font
adafruit_progressbar
simpleio.mpy
Then, you can click on the Download: Project Zip link above the code to download the code file, fonts folder and bitmap background image.
Code
Click on "Copy Code" and then paste it into the Mu editor to save to your CLUE as code.py or copy the code file from the Project Zip folder to the CLUE's CIRCUITPY drive.
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import time
import board
import displayio
from adafruit_clue import clue
from simpleio import map_range
from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font
from adafruit_lsm6ds.lsm6ds33 import LSM6DS33
from adafruit_lsm6ds import Rate, AccelRange
from adafruit_progressbar.progressbar import ProgressBar
from adafruit_display_text.label import Label
# turns off onboard NeoPixel to conserve battery
clue.pixel.brightness = (0.0)
# accessing the Clue's accelerometer
sensor = LSM6DS33(board.I2C())
# step goal
step_goal = 10000
# onboard button states
a_state = False
b_state = False
# array to adjust screen brightness
bright_level = [0, 0.5, 1]
countdown = 0 # variable for the step goal progress bar
clock = 0 # variable used to keep track of time for the steps per hour counter
clock_count = 0 # holds the number of hours that the step counter has been running
clock_check = 0 # holds the result of the clock divided by 3600 seconds (1 hour)
last_step = 0 # state used to properly counter steps
mono = time.monotonic() # time.monotonic() device
mode = 1 # state used to track screen brightness
steps_log = 0 # holds total steps to check for steps per hour
steps_remaining = 0 # holds the remaining steps needed to reach the step goal
sph = 0 # holds steps per hour
# variables to hold file locations for background and fonts
clue_bgBMP = "/clue_bgBMP.bmp"
small_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Medium-16.bdf"
med_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Bold-24.bdf"
big_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Black-48.bdf"
# glyphs for fonts
glyphs = b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-,.: '
# loading bitmap fonts
small_font = bitmap_font.load_font(small_font)
small_font.load_glyphs(glyphs)
med_font = bitmap_font.load_font(med_font)
med_font.load_glyphs(glyphs)
big_font = bitmap_font.load_font(big_font)
big_font.load_glyphs(glyphs)
# creating display and default brightness
clue_display = board.DISPLAY
clue_display.brightness = 0.5
# graphics group
clueGroup = displayio.Group()
# loading bitmap background
# CircuitPython 6 & 7 compatible
clue_bg = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(open(clue_bgBMP, "rb"))
clue_tilegrid = displayio.TileGrid(
clue_bg, pixel_shader=getattr(clue_bg, 'pixel_shader', displayio.ColorConverter())
)
clueGroup.append(clue_tilegrid)
# # CircuitPython 7+ compatible
# clue_bg = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(clue_bgBMP)
# clue_tilegrid = displayio.TileGrid(clue_bg, pixel_shader=clue_bg.pixel_shader)
# clueGroup.append(clue_tilegrid)
# creating the ProgressBar object
bar_group = displayio.Group()
prog_bar = ProgressBar(1, 1, 239, 25, bar_color=0x652f8f)
bar_group.append(prog_bar)
clueGroup.append(bar_group)
# text for step goal
steps_countdown = Label(small_font, text='%d Steps Remaining' % step_goal, color=clue.WHITE)
steps_countdown.x = 55
steps_countdown.y = 12
# text for steps
text_steps = Label(big_font, text="0 ", color=0xe90e8b)
text_steps.x = 45
text_steps.y = 70
# text for steps per hour
text_sph = Label(med_font, text=" -- ", color=0x29abe2)
text_sph.x = 8
text_sph.y = 195
# adding all text to the display group
clueGroup.append(text_sph)
clueGroup.append(steps_countdown)
clueGroup.append(text_steps)
# sending display group to the display at startup
clue_display.show(clueGroup)
# setting up the accelerometer and pedometer
sensor.accelerometer_range = AccelRange.RANGE_2G
sensor.accelerometer_data_rate = Rate.RATE_26_HZ
sensor.gyro_data_rate = Rate.RATE_SHUTDOWN
sensor.pedometer_enable = True
while True:
# button debouncing
if not clue.button_a and not a_state:
a_state = True
if not clue.button_b and not b_state:
b_state = True
# setting up steps to hold step count
steps = sensor.pedometer_steps
# creating the data for the ProgressBar
countdown = map_range(steps, 0, step_goal, 0.0, 1.0)
# actual counting of the steps
# if a step is taken:
if abs(steps-last_step) > 1:
step_time = time.monotonic()
# updates last_step
last_step = steps
# updates the display
text_steps.text = '%d' % steps
clock = step_time - mono
# logging steps per hour
if clock > 3600:
# gets number of hours to add to total
clock_check = clock / 3600
# logs the step count as of that hour
steps_log = steps
# adds the hours to get a new hours total
clock_count += round(clock_check)
# divides steps by hours to get steps per hour
sph = steps_log / clock_count
# adds the sph to the display
text_sph.text = '%d' % sph
# resets clock to count to the next hour again
clock = 0
mono = time.monotonic()
# adjusting countdown to step goal
prog_bar.progress = float(countdown)
# displaying countdown to step goal
if step_goal - steps > 0:
steps_remaining = step_goal - steps
steps_countdown.text = '%d Steps Remaining' % steps_remaining
else:
steps_countdown.text = 'Steps Goal Met!'
# adjusting screen brightness, a button decreases brightness
if clue.button_a and a_state:
mode -= 1
a_state = False
if mode < 0:
mode = 0
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
else:
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
# b button increases brightness
if clue.button_b and b_state:
mode += 1
b_state = False
if mode > 2:
mode = 2
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
else:
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
time.sleep(0.001)Fonts and Background Bitmap
In addition to the lib folder, for this project you'll also have a fonts folder. The fonts folder contains the three bitmap fonts that are used for text displayed on the CLUE's display.
Roboto-Medium-16.bdf
Roboto-Bold-24.bdf
Roboto-Black-48.bdf
There is also a bitmap image for the background of the CLUE's display. This image file, called clue_bgBMP.bmp, will also be stored on the CLUE.
Copy the fonts folder and the clue_bgBMP.bmp bitmap image file from the Project Zip folder to the CLUE's CIRCUITPY drive.
Your CLUE CIRCUITPY drive should look like this after you load the libraries, fonts, bitmap and code below:
CircuitPython Code Walkthrough
Setup
The CircuitPython code begins by importing the libraries.
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import time import board import displayio from adafruit_clue import clue from simpleio import map_range from adafruit_bitmap_font import bitmap_font from adafruit_lsm6ds import LSM6DS33, Rate, AccelRange from adafruit_progressbar import ProgressBar from adafruit_display_text.label import Label
After the libraries are imported, the on-board NeoPixel is turned off. This is done in an effort to conserve battery life.
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clue.pixel.brightness = (0.0)
Next, the CLUE's accelerometer is defined and will be called as sensor in the code. There are built-in functions in the CLUE's CircuitPython library for common accelerometer uses but this is how you can access it directly.
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sensor = LSM6DS33(board.I2C())
Then, the overall step goal is setup. You can edit this number to match your goal.
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step_goal = 10000
Some state machines are created for the physical A and B buttons on the front of the CLUE. These will be used to adjust the brightness of the screen.
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a_state = False b_state = False
Speaking of screen brightness, this is followed by an array called bright_level, which holds the three brightness level options for the screen: 0 (off), 0.5 (half brightness) and 1 (full brightness).
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bright_level = [0, 0.5, 1]
This is followed by various states and variables that will be used in the main loop. Their purposes are commented next to them.
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countdown = 0 # variable for the step goal progress bar clock = 0 # variable used to keep track of time for the steps per hour counter clock_count = 0 # holds the number of hours that the step counter has been running clock_check = 0 # holds the result of the clock divided by 3600 seconds (1 hour) last_step = 0 # state used to properly counter steps mono = time.monotonic() # time.monotonic() device mode = 1 # state used to track screen brightness steps_log = 0 # holds total steps to check for steps per hour steps_remaining = 0 # holds the remaining steps needed to reach the step goal sph = 0 # holds steps per hour
Graphics
Up next is the graphics setup. First, the on-board file locations for the graphical background and the fonts are defined.
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clue_bgBMP = "/clue_bgBMP.bmp" small_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Medium-16.bdf" med_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Bold-24.bdf" big_font = "/fonts/Roboto-Black-48.bdf"
Next, the glyphs are defined that will be used with the bitmap fonts and the setup for the bitmap fonts is completed.
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glyphs = b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-,.: ' small_font = bitmap_font.load_font(small_font) small_font.load_glyphs(glyphs) med_font = bitmap_font.load_font(med_font) med_font.load_glyphs(glyphs) big_font = bitmap_font.load_font(big_font) big_font.load_glyphs(glyphs)
The CLUE's display is setup to be clue_display and the default brightness is set to half.
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clue_display = board.DISPLAY clue_display.brightness = 0.5
Next, the graphics group is created along with the tilegrid. This will hold the bitmap background.
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clueGroup = displayio.Group()
clue_bg = displayio.OnDiskBitmap(open("/clue_bgBMP.bmp", "rb"))
clue_tilegrid = displayio.TileGrid(clue_bg, pixel_shader=getattr(clue_bg, 'pixel_shader', displayio.ColorConverter()))
clueGroup.append(clue_tilegrid)Following the bitmap background, a ProgressBar is created. This bar will illustrate your progress to hitting your step goal at the top of the display.
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bar_group = displayio.Group() prog_bar = ProgressBar, (11, 239, 25, bar_color=0x652f8f) bar_group.append(prog_bar) clueGroup.append(bar_group)
For more info on the progress bar library, check out this documentation on GitHub
The final graphical elements are text objects. They'll hold the text for steps remaining, the step count and steps per hour. The text objects are added to the clueGroup graphic and then the clueGroup is shown on the CLUE's display on boot with clue_display.show(clueGroup).
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steps_countdown = Label(small_font, text='%d Steps Remaining' % step_goal, color=clue.WHITE) steps_countdown.x = 55 steps_countdown.y = 12 text_steps = Label(big_font, text="0 ", color=0xe90e8b) text_steps.x = 45 text_steps.y = 70 text_sph = Label(med_font, text=" -- ", color=0x29abe2) text_sph.x = 8 text_sph.y = 195 clueGroup.append(text_sph) clueGroup.append(steps_countdown) clueGroup.append(text_steps) clue_display.show(clueGroup)
Pedometer Setup
The final lines of code before the loop setup the accelerometer on the CLUE board and enable the pedometer.
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sensor.accelerometer_range = AccelRange.RANGE_2G sensor.accelerometer_data_rate = Rate.RATE_26_HZ sensor.gyro_data_rate = Rate.RATE_SHUTDOWN sensor.pedometer_enable = True
The Loop
After all the setup, the loop begins with button debouncing for the A and B buttons located on the front of the CLUE.
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while True:
if not clue.button_a and not a_state:
a_state = True
if not clue.button_b and not b_state:
b_state = TrueThis is followed by setting up the variable steps to hold the step count being collected by the CLUE's pedometer.
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steps = sensor.pedometer_steps
Next, countdown is setup to hold what will be the progress bar's data that will show how close you are to your steps goal. This utilizes the map_range function, which is handy for mapping different value ranges so that they play well together.
You'll see that there are five values in the parentheses: steps, 0, step_goal, 0.0, and 1.0. Ignoring steps for a moment, the value range of 0 to step_goal is being mapped to 0.0 and 1.0, which is the range that the ProgressBar library looks for when creating a ProgressBar object. The first item, in this case steps, is what will be subtracted from the total value range (in this case step_goal).
In summary, the step_goal range is being mapped to the ProgressBar's range, which will have your total steps at the time subtracted in order to display the progress towards your goal.
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countdown = map_range(steps, 0, step_goal, 0.0, 1.0)
Counting Steps
This leads to the actual step counting. It begins with an if statement that checks if the step count has changed.
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if abs(steps-last_step) > 1:
If it has, then time.monotonic() is logged as step_time and last_steps is updated to hold the value of steps.
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step_time = time.monotonic() last_step = steps
Additionally, the display is updated to show the current step count. The text_steps text object displays the value being held by steps.
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text_steps.text = '%d' % steps
This is followed by some time tracking that will be used to calculate your steps per hour. clock is setup to hold the difference between the two time.monotonic() devices step_time and mono. mono is logged before the loop and by doing this you can track how long steps have actually been taking place rather than the CLUE's time that it has been operating.
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clock = step_time - mono
Calculating Average Steps Per Hour
To get the steps per hour calculation, there is an if statement that checks if steps have been counted for more than an hour, or 3600 seconds. If they have, then the steps per hour will be updated. This is done by having clock_check hold the value of clock divided by 3600. This is done so that you can get a count of how many hours have passed.
Your step count is then held by steps_log. Another variable, clock_count, is increased by the rounded result of clock_check. This means that the total hour count is increased. The steps per hour, being held by sph, is then updated to divide steps_log, which is the total steps you've taken, by the clock_count, which is the total number of hours that you've been counting steps. The result of this calculation is then pushed to the text_sph object to update the Clue's display.
Finally, clock is reset to 0 to begin counting down to the next hour and mono is updated to hold time.monotonic().
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if clock > 3600:
clock_check = clock / 3600
steps_log = steps
clock_count += round(clock_check)
print('hour count: %d' % clock_count)
sph = steps_log / clock_count
text_sph.text = '%d' % sph
clock = 0
mono = time.monotonic()Updating the Progress Bar
The progress bar is updated by setting bar.progress to hold the value of countdown as a float. This simultaneously updates the display and the math going on behind the scenes with the ProgressBar library.
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bar.progress = float(countdown)
Up next is a new if statement, this time checking to see if you have reached your steps goal. If you haven't, then the remaining steps are stored in the variable steps_remaining. This value is then stored in the steps_countdown text object and is sent to the display to be shown over the progress bar.
However, if the goal has been met, then the steps_countdown text will read "Steps Goal Met!".
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if step_goal - steps > 0:
steps_remaining = step_goal - steps
steps_countdown.text = '%d Steps Remaining' % steps_remaining
else:
steps_countdown.text = 'Steps Goal Met!'Adjusting Screen Brightness
The last portion of the loop is for adjusting the CLUE's screen brightness. This will come in handy for preserving battery life. If you press the A button, then the brightness will decrease and if you press the B button, the brightness will increase.
There are three brightness levels, which are held in the bright_level array. The variable mode is being used to track the current brightness level and position in the bright_level array. If A is pressed, then mode is decreased by 1 and if B is pressed, then mode is increased by 1. The result is a change in the screen's brightness level. However, if mode is less than 0 or greater than 2, the brightness does not change since you will no longer be in range of the bright_level array.
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if clue.button_a and a_state:
mode -= 1
a_state = False
if mode < 0:
mode = 0
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
else:
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
if clue.button_b and b_state:
mode += 1
b_state = False
if mode > 2:
mode = 2
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]
else:
clue_display.brightness = bright_level[mode]Final Assembly and Use
After loading the CircuitPython code and files onto the CLUE, you're ready to get stepping. For best results, you'll want to house your CLUE in a wearable case. The Ruiz brothers have a great 3D printed design and Learn Guide for a CLUE case that you wear on your wrist like a watch. This is the perfect way to count your steps. The guide also details how to install an on/off switch for the CLUE with a lipo battery.
Link to the CLUE Case Learn Guide by the Ruiz Brothers
After printing and assembling your case, your CLUE step counter is complete! You can track your steps all day long without worrying about the security of your health data or location tracking. The battery should last at least a full day, so you won't miss a single step.
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