Pluggable interfaces are used in high speed I/O applications to support the growing demand for more bandwidth and higher data transfer rates.  It uses a standard equipment I/O interface, the flexibility of pluggable modules and cabling enables options of fiber or copper links, and it supports various data rates and protocols.  To increase panel density, multi-port cage configurations are often implemented.  Pluggable I/O interfaces are used in various protocols and standards within the networking and storage industries, including Ethernet, Fibre Channel and Infiniband.  Newer interfaces such as SFP+ and QSFP were developed to support the higher data rates of these evolving standards.