In reality, most circuits have capacitance and inductance, hence voltage and current will be “out of phase”. In such circuits, PFC is not perfect, the circuit is inefficent and power is being wasted. PFC is maximized when the phase angle, ⍬, between voltage and current is zero. PFC circuit topologies seek to get ⍬ as close to zero as possible. Typical PFC applications such as the use of large and small motors are increasing significantly in industrial, medical, transportation, etc. Motors are constructed with large amounts of wire and therefore have inductance. Accordingly there is a big push to maximize PFC in these applications.