ESD affects electronic devices from the manufacturing process down to the end user application. During the manufacturing process, handling of circuit boards, reworking components, and testing can introduce ESD on the device, causing damage. For end user applications, any physical user interface or connector can lead to an opportunity for ESD pulses to enter the device. These can include video and audio cables, charging ports, and memory cards. Whenever a person places a connector into an electronic device, there is a possibility of introducing ESD into that device.