As shown in the previous slide temperature has an effect on the life of supercapacitors, temperature also has an effect on operation. The ESR increases drastically at lower temperatures as shown here. Higher ESR will affect the voltage drop and for an optimum design it should be accounted for. Capacitance is also affected by temperature. Capacitance decreases as temperature is decreased and increases as the temperature is increased. The initial capacitance tolerance is the possible variation or change of capacitance a capacitor may have from lot to lot and should be considered when sizing a supercapacitor.