Radio frequency interference (high frequency electromagnetic interference > 3 kHz) can cause the malfunction of electronic and electric devices. Thus, X and Y capacitors serve as a means of filtering this conducted interference by filtering the AC lines that provide power to the system’s power supply. In doing so, X and Y capacitors not only keep RF noise generated by the system local to the system, but also protect the system from outside noise and protects the system from high voltage transients. To perform this filtering function, X and Y capacitors have low ESR and ESL, high dielectric strength, and meet various agency approval requirements. In addition, because safety is of paramount importance, X and Y capacitors, sometimes called safety capacitors, fail in an open state, eliminating the risk of an electrical shock hazard when employed in a Y application and fire when in an X application.