An example of an isolator that has a VCC1 and VCC2 is shown on this slide. In many applications, it may not be necessary to have two power supplies. There are multiple options available on the market which allow the user to generate a secondary power supply from a single primary power supply: there are discrete solutions as well as integrated power modules. The discrete solution shown in the image on this slide has the primary supply powering a DC/DC converter. There are different topologies of the DC/DC converter used to drive a transformer such as flyback, fly-buck, or push-pull topologies. The output of the converter then drives the primary windings of the isolation transformer. Pulsating signals on the secondary side are rectified and filtered to generate an isolated DC supply. Depending on the regulation needed, an LDO may or may not be required. The output of the LDO then becomes the isolated secondary power supply for the isolator. The drawback with this discrete approach is that the complete solution – the transformer and other components – occupies additional space on the PC board and adds to the cost of the system. Also, designing a stable and efficient isolated power supply can be challenging.