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The Sigma Delta is made up of a modulator and a digital or decimation filter as shown in the diagram here. The modulator converts the analog input signal into a digital bit stream with filtering and typically comprises of one or more integrators, a comparator, a switch, and a DAC. By adding another integrator and summing stage, the modulator improves on noise performance. The modulator is then followed by the decimation filter, which reduces the output sample rate to avoid redundant data and retain the necessary information of the data without distortion. The mathematics and inner workings of the sigma delta ADC is beyond the scope of this module, but needless to say, the sigma delta methodology is well suited for applications that require high resolution.
