Thermoelectric systems design should account for survivability of the thermoelectric module as well as accomplishing the goal of either heating or cooling an object or fluid. Adequate dissipation of heat away from the hot side of the thermoelectric module is necessary to ensure that it does not overheat and ultimately fail. This is most commonly accomplished through the use of heat exchangers. The four most common types of exchangers in thermoelectric systems are air-to-air, air-to-plate, air-to-liquid, and liquid-to-liquid.