At 13.56 MHz RFID standards exist for both proximity and vicinity applications. Credit or debit cards intended for high value purchases conform to the ISO14443 proximity standards. This standard defines tags with reading ranges of up to 100 mm (4") and high data rates whereas the applications described in this presentation conform to the ISO15693 standard for vicinity tags with reading ranges up to 1m (39"). There is also the ISO18000-3 standard that encompasses the various individual regulations of systems operating at 13.56 MHz. Finally, there are draft Electronic Product Code (EPC) recommendations to complement the UHF EPC standards.