Innovations in technology have led to reduced processor I/O voltages while peripheral I/O voltages have remained unchanged, resulting in logic level compatibility issues between the devices. This has led to a greater need for voltage translation, which is more commonly called level shifting, between processors and peripheral I/O devices. Today, level shifter devices are used in most systems to help system designers reconcile or bridge the data interfaces, logic levels, between devices that reside on different voltage domains. Voltage translation or level shifting should not be confused with voltage regulation devices like LDOs, which are targeted at a system’s power rails; not the data interfaces between devices.