Electrical fast transients (EFTs) can damage the RS-485 bus transceivers of industrial networks. Because in RS-485 networks the transceivers are connected in parallel, damage to a single bus node can bring down the entire network. The cost of network downtime is the total cost of lost productivity, lost revenue, recovery costs, and intangible costs associated with downtime. It is currently (2021) estimated to be about $340,000/hour (source: Gartner Inc.). Solutions to the EFT problem are either adding external transient suppressors to the design to protect standard transceivers, or simply installing transceivers that can withstand electrical fast transients.