Problems that engineers face when designing an AFE is the length of design time and the expertise to address the different design aspects. In this table, it breaks out the different phases involved when designing an AFE, starting from the concept phase and ending with the validation of the final design. The concept phase is owned by a marketing or product definer role to properly define a product with the right feature set and performance, which is then followed by system engineers that define a top level architecture for the solution. The subsequent phase encompasses the traditional design stage that addresses both hardware and software design issues. In the prototype, test, and debug phase, engineers perform functional tests and evaluate how close it is to the target specifications. A reiterative process of troubleshooting, onboard modifications, and possible component changes may be needed to achieve the desired performance. The last phase is when the design is validated and finalized through extensive testing and characterization. In total, the number of man weeks can range from 28 to 48 to design an AFE with isolated power. This is a considerable amount of time.