Ideally, MLCCs can be modeled using a simple RLC network. However, this network does not consider key factors in real capacitor behavior for AC characteristics. For example, ESR can be thought of as the sum of the dielectric and electrode losses in the MLCC. At low frequencies, ESR is dominated by dielectric losses and decreases as frequency increases. At high frequencies, ESR is dominated by electrode losses and increases as frequency increases. The result is ESR being frequency dependent and cannot be accurately modeled by a simple resistor.