The connection between a bus transceiver and the main cable link is known as a stub. A stub represents a piece of unterminated transmission line. Stubs must not be terminated in order to avoid excessive bus loading. Simply imagine a bus with 60 nodes where each stub is terminated with a 120 Ω resistor. The total bus load would result in an excessively large load resistance of RL = 120 Ω/60 = 2 Ω, which would be impossible to drive by any type of differential transceiver. Instead stubs must be kept below a maximum length to prevent the build-up of signal reflections. The calculation of the maximum stub length is provided on the next slide. There are however two different methods of connecting bus transceivers with one another. The first and most commonly applied method is daisy chaining, in which PCB connectors provide connecting ports for an incoming and an outgoing signal pair. On the circuit board itself, both ports are directly connected with one another as well as with the transceiver bus terminals. This method allows for the shortest possible stub length designs and is therefore recommended for high speed data transmission. Another method is the connection of bus transceivers to a backbone cable via junction boxes and associated stub cables. While this method allows for the connection of remote nodes, it also requires significantly longer driver transition times and hence lower data rates.