In summary, RS-485 offers advantages over all other high speed interface standards, such as high differential driver output voltage swing of VOD = ±1.5V combined with high receiver common-mode input voltage range from Vcm = -7V to +12V. Some of Renesas' high speed transceivers are designed to provide higher voltage ranges. Other high speed interfaces, such as Ethernet, cope with higher GPDs and common-mode issues through the use of isolation transformers. RS-485 allows for the design of point-to-point and multipoint applications with more than 150 transceivers connected to one bus segment. Also, RS-485 data links can be designed for half-duplex operation or full-duplex operation. Ethernet and USB are complete interface standards requiring dedicated high-level software protocols. RS-485 is a basic transceiver specification, commonly labeled as electrical-only standard, allowing RS-485 to adapt to any type of high-level software protocol, such as Profibus, Modbus, Interbus, etc.