Since in most of the hybrid drives there is no starter and no alternator, the DC/DC converter must be bi-directional. This makes it possible for the DC/DC converter to be used for the conversion of the battery voltage of 14V to a higher voltage level (42V or higher) and vice versa for applications such as power steering. Shown on this slide is a typical DC/DC converter circuit for a hybrid / electric vehicle. Film capacitors are used as the input and output filter capacitors.