Low leakage current is realized by the utilization of a Faraday shield between the primary (input) and secondary (output), and by earth grounding this shield. Although the primary and secondary are isolated from each other, capacitive coupling exists between them. This capacitive coupling allows the flow of current between the primary and secondary. The Faraday shield between the primary and secondary provides a low impedance path for the current to flow to ground instead of to the secondary. Reinforced or double insulation means that there are a minimum of two distinct layers of insulation. Should one insulation layer fail, the other layers will maintain isolation.