Medical devices must incorporate at least one Means of Protection (MOP) to ensure that both the patient (if connected via an Applied Part) and operator are protected from the risks of electric shock, even under fault conditions. The patient is often electrically connected to the device and the parts that do this are defined as Applied Parts - an important definition within the standard when defining a medical product’s overall requirements. In the IEC 60601 standard, operators and patients are treated differently, resulting in the classifications "Means of Operator Protection" (MOOP) and "Means of Patient Protection" (MOPP). One reason for this difference is that the patient may be physically connected via an Applied Part and unconscious when the fault occurs. Because of this risk, the MOPP requirements are the more stringent of the two and the 2XMOPP rating supports the best protection and is required for the Applied Part in BF rated systems.