The resulting TDK-Lambda ZMS100 series design proved to provide industry leading capacitor lifetimes, and low output cap ripple current. Based on operation for 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, the resulting lifetime for the bulk capacitor is 5.4 years at worst case 100VAC input, while the similar lifetime for the output capacitor is 6.5 years. The output capacitor ripple current under the same operating conditions is as low as 1.1A.