Thermoelectric Coolers can heat and cool by simply reversing the polarity, which changes the direction of heat transfer. This allows temperature control to be very precise, where up to ±0.01°C can be maintained under steady-state conditions. A standard single-stage Thermoelectric Cooler can achieve temperature differentials of up to 70°C. Thermoelectric Coolers can cool devices down to well below ambient. Colder temperatures can be achieved, down to -100°C by using a multistage Thermoelectric Cooler in a vacuum environment.