Once the determination has been made as to the power source, power management design is important. IoT device designers need to understand the use case for the IoT device and the environment it will be in to effectively manage power. Every device will have different requirements regarding power management and for devices that are not self-contained, this power management can be crucial. One example of how crucial power management can be is with the On Board Diagnostics (OBD) port on a car. The OBD port provides access to the information in the various car sensors. Commercial modules have been developed to track driving behavior for usage-based insurance as well as modules that will provide location information if the car is ever stolen. This port can be used by IoT device designers, but the designer needs to understand the specifications for the port. With some versions of the port, if there is something plugged into the OBD port, then the car will send power from the car battery to the device in the port, regardless of whether the car is turned on or not. Without careful power management by the IoT device plugged into the port, the car battery could be quickly drained. So the IoT device designer needs to understand when the device should wake up and send or receive data in order to preserve the battery in the car. Another consideration that an IoT device designer needs to keep in mind is the power management required for the sensors, processor or controller and the memory on the device. Sensors track and send data in different formats and the circuitry required for these sensors needs to be evaluated and normalized.