BESS systems includes battery management system (BMS), power conversion system (PCS), an energy management system (EMS), and an environmental control system (ECS). These all-in-one BESS systems can be scaled from utility scale to industrial and commercial applications. The ECS within the container combines the fire and HVAC systems to maintain a stable environment. ECS detects abnormal temperature changes and links to the HVAC system through various I/O nodes connected to ADAM-6017, ADAM-6717, and ADAM-3600. This is critical for the long-term, stable operation of BESS. The BMS is responsible for real-time monitoring and load control of each battery cell. A BMS typically uses CANBus or serial for external communication, and a communication gateway, such as ECU-1252 or ECU-150 which are required to manage the BMS with management software. The ECU-1252 gateway with EdgeLink supports CANBus interfaces and multiple power protocols, including IEC-61850 OPC UA, DNP3, and IEC-60870-5-104, and Modbus, BACnet ensuring seamless data transmission. The PCS is the core of electricity scheduling and dispatch, as it converts AC and DC power with the focus on real-time control using the AMAX-5580 EtherCAT controller. The EMS typically includes SCADA software and industrial computers (IPCs), such as ACP-4340 or the HMI TPC-100W, working together to provide overall monitoring of the energy storage container. Usually, two sets of IPCs provide backups of each other for SCADA stability, while the other two sets provide backups of each other for database redundancy. Moreover, Advantech’s industrial routers ICR-3200 series support VPN, providing a secure cellular environment from BESS to larger communication networks.