A typical line powered block diagram is powered from an AC source, but may also have a battery back up in the system. After the AC line voltage is rectified to a DC voltage, it may be boosted to a high DC voltage to correct the power factor. Then, that DC voltage is down-converted by the PWM Controller and MOSFET drivers to an intermediate bus voltage such as 12 V, 5 V, or 3.3 V. Afterwards, the point of load regulation power solution can be provided by switching controllers, converters (with internal FETs), linear regulators, or plug in power modules, depending on the application’s needs. Other functions, like voltage supervision and sequencing, can help solve specific problems that a particular load requires.