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In summary, the need for lower supply voltages across many system-level designs is increasing to accommodate processor voltage levels which continue to decrease. Peripheral devices continue to need higher voltage levels, creating potential voltage discontinuities within a system. To remedy this mixed voltage system situation, a voltage translator can be used. A variety of architectures provide solutions for different application environments, including dual-supply direction-controlled, auto-direction sensing, and application-specific memory card interface translators. TI has a broad portfolio of dual-supply level shifters to meet the needs of most applications. These devices cover nearly every bit-width from 1-bit wide to 32-bits wide, and every voltage node from 1.2 V to 5.5 V. Auto-direction sensing translators are popular for use in applications such as SD memory card interface. The majority of the SD memory cards operate at 3 V, whereas the processors that they interface with have lower voltage I/Os. The architecture of the TXB01xx devices is suitable for driving capacitive loads of up to 70pF. This architecture is not suitable for driving heavy resistive loads, or for use with open-drain drivers. Another type of auto-direction sensing translator is the switch-type translator. This device is useful in translation applications such as I2C, where an open-drain driver needs to be interfaced. Switch-type translators integrate pull-up resistors, saving board space and reducing cost. Finally, application specific translators are slightly custom interface devices, primarily for memory card applications.
