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As with nearly any electronic design, as more components are squeezed into a smaller space to provide additional functionality and reliability, power dissipation becomes an issue. The physical nature of electronics creates thermal management issues with a tighter, more functional design. This is complicated in a small consumer device because market forces prohibit the use of costly, large, and noisy heat management devices such as fans which can be seen to distract from the overall viewing experience. However, power dissipation in these devices is critical as consumers demand longer lifetimes, more efficient devices, and a significantly increased degree of product functionality. The actual threshold required for temperature management depends upon the exact configuration of the device, but a typical figure of merit for a maximum junction temperature is 100°C. Staying below this figure requires careful design and maximum exploitation of cooling technology to cool the integrated circuits within the set-top box. This represents a considerable challenge to the designer.
