Operating force is an important characteristic of spring-loaded contacts, as it determines the amount of force required to establish electrical contact between the spring-loaded contact and its mating connector. A lower operating force makes the connection process easier and less strenuous, which is particularly important in applications where the connectors need to be mated and un-mated frequently, such as in portable electronic devices. On the other hand, a higher operating force provides a more secure and stable connection, ensuring that the electrical contacts are not accidentally disconnected. The operating force is determined by the spring constant of the spring-loaded contact, which is a measure of the force required to compress the spring by a given amount. The spring constant can be adjusted to achieve the desired operating force, while still providing reliable and stable electrical connections. Overall, the operating force of spring-loaded contacts is an important design parameter that is carefully selected to meet specific application requirements, such as ease of use, reliability, and stability. Typically, the operating force must always be greater than 0.5 N to guarantee a reliable connection. These three key characteristics are carefully designed and optimized to ensure reliable and stable electrical connections, even in applications with large tolerances between the mating surfaces. In some cases, the working range, height, and operating force can be customized to meet specific application requirements.