Nowadays, most microcontrollers and processors include a real-time clock that may be used for system time-keeping functions. This is typically sufficient unless high time-keeping accuracy or low-power is a priority. A stand-alone RTC, which connects externally to the microcontroller or processor, can achieve higher accuracy and/or lower power consumption than an integrated RTC. Stand-alone RTCs typically use a more optimized process which enables a lower current consumption. Therefore, stand-alone RTCs enable the microcontroller to power down to save power and still keep precise time. Furthermore, stand-alone RTCs often provide additional features such as watchdog, power management, clock output and time stamp functions.