The next component consideration are the output capacitors. When selecting output capacitors, ceramics are a good choice as they require less space, have low ESR, and have good performance at high frequency. Again, it is recommended to use at least X7R type ceramic capacitors. The amount of capacitance required depends on the output voltage ripple and load transient requirements of the application. How the design performs is governed by the two equations here. It is also important to take into consideration the design of the capacitor deratings. The bottom right of this slide shows an example of a capacitor’s DC bias derating curve. As this curve shows, the more DC bias there is across the capacitor, the lower its effective capacitance.