In summary, heat dissipation is an inevitable consequence of power conversion efficiency. Appreciating the effect of temperature on power supply reliability is important, especially the need to keep temperatures low for maximum component life. As has been discussed, the system designer has a number of options available when considering the thermal management of the power supply and the surrounding system. While effective, forced-air cooling is not always the ideal choice for system designers. By trading off power supply capacity against load, by selecting higher-efficiency designs or by moving to advanced products that employ conduction cooling, it is possible to achieve high performance with little to no acoustic noise through the use of non-forced air cooling. Alternatively, fans can be selected that minimize noise emissions and which provide thermal compatibility over a wide ambient temperature range.