It is important to discuss a few specific terms that will be used in this presentation. As shown here, a thermal management system maintains a specified temperature range in the mission critical systems by using temperature sensors, thermal algorithms and a fan controller. Temperature sensors convert temperature to an electrical signal and include RTDs, thermistors, and temperature diodes. The Temperature Sensing converts the analog output signal of the temperature Sensors to a digital temperature measurement. This requires special analog ICs and a microcontroller running firmware algorithms. A Thermal Algorithm is required to calculate a target fan RPM from the temperature measurements for proper temperature control. This requires a microcontroller and complex firmware algorithms. A Fan Controller drives fans to the target RPM by making continuous adjustments in a closed-loop system.