ESP32 Thing Plus (USB-C) Hookup Guide

2023-04-11 | By SparkFun Electronics

License: See Original Project Wifi Wireless

Courtesy of SparkFun

Guide by SANTAIMPERSONATOR, BRUDNERD

Introduction

Note: This guide is specific to the ESP32 Thing Plus (USB-C) board variant. For the variants with ‎the USB micro-B connector, please refer to the ESP32 Thing Plus hookup guide.‎

The SparkFun ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C) enjoys all the features of our previous ESP32 ‎Thing Plus (Micro-B) boards, but with a few improvements. For this variant, we have included a SD ‎card slot, upgraded to a USB-C connector, integrated a RGB status LED and battery fuel gauge, ‎and provided two voltage regulators: offering separate 700mA current sources for the board and ‎Qwiic connector. The board still retains its standardized 28-pin Feather footprint, 2-pin JST battery ‎connector, and Qwiic connector like our other Thing Plus boards.‎

SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM (USB-C)‎

The ESP32-WROOM module on the board provides a rich set of peripherals, ranging from ‎capacitive touch sensors, SD card interface, Ethernet, high-speed SPI, UART, I²S, and I²C. ‎With Espressif's ESP32 comprehensive development platform and Bluetooth low-energy support ‎‎(i.e. BLE, BT4.0, Bluetooth Smart) these boards are jam packed with possibilities!‎

Note: The CH340C serial-to-UART bridge is used on this board. Therefore, a different driver ‎installation is required from previous versions of the ESP32 Thing Plus.‎

Not Yet Implemented: The Arduino core for the ESP32 microcontroller is still a work in progress. ‎There are a handful of peripherals and features that have yet to be implemented, including:‎

Analog Ouptut (analogWrite([pin], [value]))

Alternative: LED Control API

Pulse Counter
SDIO
Timer/Real-Time Clock

Alternative: ESP32Time Arduino library

TWAI

The peripherals are available (if, also, still in their infancy) in the IoT Development Framework for ‎the ESP32. If your application requires any of the features above, consider giving the ESP-IDF a ‎try! (Updated: June 2022.)‎

Required Materials

To get started, users will need a few items. Now some users may have a few of these items, feel ‎free to modify your cart accordingly.‎

SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM (USB-C)‎
USB 3.1 Cable A to C - 3 Foot - The USB interface serves two purposes: it powers the board ‎and allows users to upload programs. (*If your computer doesn't have a USB-A slot, then ‎choose an appropriate cable or adapter.)
Computer with an operating system (OS) that is compatible with all the software installation ‎requirements

HEADERS ‎

Headers & Accessories

Headers are great for development purposes, letting users swap parts with just a set of jumper ‎wires. If you would like to add headers to your board, check out some of the options for the Thing ‎Plus or Feather form factor boards below. For a full selection of our ‎available Headers or Soldering Tools, click on the associated links.‎

New to soldering? Check out our Through-Hole Soldering Tutorial for a quick introduction!‎

solder_1

How to Solder: Through-Hole Soldering

This tutorial covers everything you need to know about through-hole soldering.‎

BATTERIES ‎

Li-Po Battery

For mobile applications, users will want to pick up a single-cell LiPo battery from our catalog. Below, ‎are a few available options:‎

JUMPER MODIFICATION

Jumper Modification

To modify the jumpers, users will need soldering equipment and/or a knife.‎

New to jumper pads? Check out our Jumper Pads and PCB Traces Tutorial for a quick ‎introduction!‎

jumperpads_2

How to Work with Jumper Pads and PCB Traces

Handling PCB jumper pads and traces is an essential skill. Learn how to cut a PCB trace, add a ‎solder jumper between pads to reroute connections, and repair a trace with the green wire method ‎if a trace is damaged.‎

Suggested Reading

As a more professionally oriented product, we will skip over the more fundamental tutorials ‎‎(i.e. Ohm's Law and What is Electricity?). However, below are a few tutorials that may help users ‎familiarize themselves with various aspects of the board.

How to Solder: Through-Hole Soldering: This tutorial covers everything you need to ‎know about through-hole soldering.‎
Serial Communication: Asynchronous serial communication concepts: packets, signal levels, ‎baud rates, UARTs and more!‎
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI): SPI is commonly used to connect microcontrollers to ‎peripherals such as sensors, shift registers, and SD cards.‎
Pulse Width Modulation: An introduction to the concept of Pulse Width Modulation.‎
Installing Arduino IDE: A step-by-step guide to installing and testing the Arduino software on ‎Windows, Mac, and Linux.‎
Logic Levels: Learn the difference between 3.3V and 5V devices and logic levels.‎
I2C: An introduction to I2C, one of the main embedded communications protocols in use today.‎
Analog vs. Digital: This tutorial covers the concept of analog and digital signals, as they relate ‎to electronics.‎
How to Work with Jumper Pads and PCB Traces: Handling PCB jumper pads and ‎traces is an essential skill. Learn how to cut a PCB trace, add a solder jumper between pads to ‎reroute connections, and repair a trace with the green wire method if a trace is damaged.‎
ESP32 Thing Plus Hookup Guide: Hookup guide for the ESP32 Thing Plus (Micro-B) using ‎the ESP32 WROOM's Wi-Fi/Bluetooth system-on-chip in Arduino.‎
How to Install CH340 Drivers: How to install CH340 drivers (if you need them) on Windows, ‎Mac OS X, and Linux.‎
Installing Board Definitions in the Arduino IDE: How do I install a custom Arduino ‎board/core? It's easy! This tutorial will go over how to install an Arduino board definition using the ‎Arduino Board Manager. We will also go over manually installing third-party cores, such as the ‎board definitions required for many of the SparkFun development boards.‎

‎ qwiic_3 ‎

One of the new, advanced features of the board is that it takes advantage of the Qwiic connect ‎system. We recommend familiarizing yourself with the Logic Levels and I²C tutorials. Click on the ‎banner above to learn more about Qwiic products.‎

Hardware Overview

Note: All mentions of GPIO in this section will refer to the I/O pins of the ESP32-WROOM module ‎as represented in the datasheets and pin numbers of the board definition in the ESP32 Arduino ‎core. They do not correspond with the net names for the Thing Plus Form Factor device in ‎the schematic. (The device in the schematic is primarily, used internally to facilitate the board ‎design process; just ignore the naming of the GPIO0 - GPIO6 nets.)‎ ‎

thing_plus_4

Board Dimensions

The board dimensions are illustrated in the drawing below. The listed measurements are in inches ‎and the two mounting holes are compatible with 4-40 standoff screws.‎

dimensions_5 ‎

Board dimensions (PDF) for the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus, in inches.‎

USB-C Connector

The USB connector is provided to power and program the board. For most users, it will be the ‎primary programing interface for the ESP32.‎

connector_6

USB-C connector on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

CH340 Serial-to-UART

The CH340 allows the ESP32-WROOM to communicate with a computer/host device through the ‎board's USB-C connection. This allows the board to show up as a device on the serial (or COM) ‎port of the computer. Users will need to install the latest drivers for the computer to recognize the ‎board (see Software Overview section).‎

Power

The ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus only requires 3.3V to power the board. However, the simplest ‎method to power the board is through the USB-C connector. Alternatively, the 3V3, VBAT, ‎and VUSB pins can also be used to supply power to the board.‎

VUSB:‎

The maximum voltage for the LDOs and charge controller is 6V
The minimum voltage for the charge controller is 3.75V

VBAT:

Should not be connected to anything other than a single-cell LiPo battery‎

‎3V3:‎

Requires a regulated 3.3V‎
Only powers the board and not the Qwiic connector‎

power_7

ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus power connections.‎

Below, is a general summary of the power circuitry on the board:‎

‎3V3 - Provides a regulated 3.3V from the USB (5V) power and/or battery connections‎

Used to power the ESP32-WROOM module, µSD card slot, WS2812 RGB LED, ‎CH340C Serial-to-UART bridge, and power LED

The Qwiic connector is powered by its own voltage regulator, from the same ‎power source(s)

‎The 3.3V XC6222 LDO regulator can source up to 700mA

‎Output is controlled by the EN pin on the board

VUSB - The voltage from the USB-C connector, usually 5V

‎Power source for the entire board

‎Powers the 3.3V voltage regulators and the battery charging circuit for VBAT

Overides power from the battery through a P-channel MOSFET, when both are ‎connected
Utilizes a BAT20J protection diode for the USB-C connection.‎

VBAT - The voltage from the JST battery connector; meant for single cell LiPo batteries

Provides power to the 3.3V voltage regulators and MAX17048 battery fuel gauge
The MCP73831 linear charge management controller is powered from the USB (5V) ‎power supply

‎The charge controller is configured for 500mA (max) rate of charge to a ‎connected battery

GND - The common ground or the 0V reference for the voltage supplies‎
Qwiic Connector - Provides a regulated 3.3V voltage from the USB (5V) power and/or ‎battery connections

‎Operates independently from the 3V3 pin, with its own voltage regulator
The 3.3V XC6222 LDO regulator can source up to 700mA

‎Output is controlled by GPIO 0 of the ESP32-WROOM‎

For more details, users can reference the schematic and the datasheets of the individual ‎components in the power circuitry.‎

Power Status LED

The red, PWR LED will light up once 3.3V is supplied to the board; however, for most users, it will ‎light up when 5V is supplied through the USB connection or when a LiPo battery is connected to ‎the JST connector.‎

indicator_8

ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus PWR status LED indicator.‎

Charging Circuit

The charging circuit utilizes the MCP73831 linear charge management controller and is powered ‎directly from the USB-C connector or VUSB. The controller is configured for a 500mA charge rate ‎and active charging is indicated by the yellow, CHG LED. If the charge controller is shutdown or ‎charging is complete, the CHG LED will turn off. For more information, please refer to ‎the MCP73831 datasheet and the Indicator LEDs section below.‎

Power Control

The power source for the XC6222 LDO voltage regulators is controlled by a P-channel MOSFET. ‎In addition, the 3.3V regulated output from the XC6222 LDOs are enabled by the control pin (CE).‎

circuits_9 ‎

Circuits for the 3.3V power on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

The P-channel MOSFET operates based on the voltages at the MOSFET's gate and source pins. ‎Depending on the power supplies connected to the board, the MOSFET will switch between the ‎battery and USB-C connection as power sources for the XC6222 voltage regulators.‎

table_10

The control pin (CE) of the XC6222 LDOs also provides an additional amount of control for the ‎board's power. By default, the regulated 3.3V output is enabled. To disable and shutdown the ‎output voltage from the XC6222, the control pin needs to be pulled low (i.e., shorted to ground ‎‎(GND)). For more information, please refer to the XC6222 datasheet.‎

The 3.3V power for the board (3V3) is controlled by the EN pin, which is broken out on the ‎board
The 3.3V power for the Qwiic connector is controlled by GPIO 0 of the ESP32-WROOM

pins_11

‎XC6222 control pins on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Note: The BOOT button is also connected to GPIO 0. Therefore, pressing the BOOT button will ‎momentarily disable power to the Qwiic connector.‎

Current Consumption

According to the specifications, the ESP32-WROOM draws about 240 mA during RF transmissions. ‎With the Wi-Fi example in this tutorial, have measured it to average around 140 mA and peak at 300 ‎mA while actively transceiving. The table below, summarizes the approximate current draw of ‎the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C) for various operational conditions. The measurements in ‎the table below, were made with the Nordic Power Profiler Kit II.‎

table_12

It is possible for users to reach sub-mA power consumption levels with the deep sleep power ‎modes. Using the TimerWakeUp Deep Sleep example code, the LED jumpers cut, and powering the ‎board through the LiPo battery connection we measured a power consumption of 845 µA (990 µA ‎peak) @ 3.7V while the MCU was inactive.‎

measurement_13

The current measurement from VBAT at 3.7V during deep sleep.‎

ESP32-WROOM

This variant of the ESP32 Thing Plus is designed around the ESP32-WROOM module with 16MB ‎of flash memory. Espressif's ESP32-WROOM module is a versatile, WiFi BT BLE MCU module ‎that targets a wide variety of applications. At the core of this module is the ESP32-D0WDQ6 system ‎on a chip (SoC) which is designed to be both scalable and adaptive. Its laundry list of features ‎include:‎

Xtensa® Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 Microprocessor (up to 240MHz)‎

‎448KB ROM and 520KB SRAM‎
‎16MB of Embedded SPI Flash Storage

Cryptographic Hardware Accelerators

AES, SHA2, ECC, RSA-4096

‎Integrated 802.11 b/g/n WiFi 2.4GHz Transceiver (up to 150Mbps)
Integrated dual-mode Bluetooth (Bluetooth v4.2 and BLE)
‎26 GPIO (including strapping pins)‎

‎8x Capacitive Touch Electrodes

Operating Voltage: 3.0 to 3.6V‎

Wi-Fi: 380mA (peak)
Light-Sleep: 800µA
Deep-Sleep: 10 - 150µA‎

Note: Users should be aware of the following nuances and details of this board

The ESP32-WROOM is only compatible with 2.4GHz WiFi networks; it will not work on the 5GHz ‎bands
For details on the boot mode configuration, please refer to section 3.3 Strapping Pins of the ‎ESP32-WROOM module datasheet

module_14

ESP32-WROOM module on the ESP32 Thing Plus (USB-C).

Note: The ESP32-WROOM module has various power modes:‎

Active - The chip radio is powered on. The chip can receive, transmit, or listen
Modem Sleep - The CPU is operational, and the clock is configurable. The Wi-Fi/Bluetooth ‎baseband and radio are disabled
Light Sleep - The CPU is paused. The RTC memory and RTC peripherals, as well as the ULP ‎coprocessor are running
Deep Sleep - Only the RTC memory and RTC peripherals are powered on. The ULP ‎coprocessor is functional
Hibernation - Only one RTC timer on the slow clock and certain RTC GPIOs are active
Off - Chip is powered off

For more information on the power management of the ESP32-WROOM module, please refer ‎to Section 3.7 and Tables: 8 and 17 of the ESP32 SoC Datasheet.‎

Debugging

For users interested in debugging their code, the JTAG pins are broken out on the board. However, ‎the debugging feature is only available through the ESP-IDF.‎

TMS: GPIO 14
TDI: GPIO 12
TCK: GPIO 13‎
TDO: GPIO 15‎

Note: Users should be aware that GPIO 13 is connected to the STAT LED with a pull-down resistor.‎

Firmware Download Mode

Users can manually force the board into the serial bootloader with the BOOT button. Please, refer to ‎the Boot Button section below for more information.‎

Peripherals and I/O

Note: Users should be aware of the following nuances of this board.‎

All the GPIO on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus are 3.3V pins

‎The I/O pins are not 5V-tolerant! To interface with higher voltage components, ‎a logic level adapter is recommended

There are electrical limitations to the amount of current that the ESP32-WROOM module can ‎sink or source. For more details, check out the ESP32-WROOM module datasheet
There are some limitations to the ADC performance, see the Note from the ADC ‎Characteristics section of the ESP32 SoC datasheet‎

The ESP32-WROOM module has 26 multifunctional GPIO, of which, 21 I/O pins broken out into a ‎feather form factor layout on this board. All of the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C) pins have ‎a .1" pitch spacing for headers. With the pin multiplexing capabilities of the ESP32 SoC, various ‎pins can have several functionalities. For more technical specifications on the I/O pins, please refer ‎to the ESP32 SoC datasheet.‎

‎13x 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) channels
‎3x UARTs (only two are configured by default in the Arduino IDE, one UART is used for ‎bootloading/debug)
‎3x SPI (only one is configured by default in the Arduino IDE)‎
‎2x I²C (only one is configured by default in the Arduino IDE)‎
‎2x I²S Audio
‎2x digital-to-analog converter (DAC) channels
‎16x 20-bit PWM outputs
‎8x Capacitive Touch Inputs‎

graphical_15

Graphical datasheet for the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C).‎

Note: Users should be aware of the following limitations for the board in the Arduino IDE.‎

Not all of the features, listed above, are available in the Arduino IDE. For the full capabilities of ‎the ESP32, the Espressif IDF should be utilized
Only one I²C bus is defined
Only two UART interfaces are available

‎UART (USB): Serial
RX/TX Pins: Serial1‎

Only one SPI bus is defined.‎

For digital pins, users will need to declare the pinMode() (link) in the setup of ‎their sketch (programs written in the Arduino IDE) for the pins used.‎

Input

When configured properly, an input pin will be looking for a HIGH or LOW state. Input pins ‎are High Impedance and takes very little current to move the input pin from one state to another.‎

Output

When configured as an output the pin will be at a HIGH or LOW voltage. Output pins are Low ‎Impedance: This means that they can provide a relatively substantial amount of current to other ‎circuits.‎

Note: There are electrical limitations to the amount of current that the ESP32-WROOM module can ‎sink or source. For more details, check out the ESP32-WROOM module datasheet.‎

Additional Functions

There are several pins that have special functionality in addition to general digital I/O. These pins ‎and their additional functions are listed in the tabs below. For more technical specifications on ‎the I/O pins, you can refer to the schematic, ESP32-WROOM module datasheet, ESP32 SoC ‎datasheet, and documentation for the ESP32 Arduino core.‎

ANALOG INPUT

Analog Input Pins

The ESP32-WROOM module provides a 12-bit ADC input on thirteen of its I/O pins. This ‎functionality is accessed in the Arduino IDE using the analogRead(pin) function. (*The available ‎ADC pins are highlighted in the image below.)‎ ‎

input_16 ‎

Analog input pins on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Note: By default, in the Arduino IDE, analogRead() returns a 10-bit value. To change the resolution ‎of the value returned by the analogRead() function, use the analogReadResolution(bits) function.‎

Note: To learn more about analog vs. digital signals, check out this great tutorial.‎

wave_17

Analog vs. Digital

This tutorial covers the concept of analog and digital signals, as they relate to electronics.‎

PWM/ANALOG OUTPUT

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Analog (DAC) Output Pins

The ESP32-WROOM module supports up to sixteen channels of 20-bit PWM outputs on any of its ‎I/O pins. This is accessed in the Arduino IDE using the analogWrite(pin, value) function or ‎the LED Control API. (*Any I/O pin can be used for the PWM outputs; the available DAC pins, with ‎true analog outputs, are highlighted in the image below.)‎ ‎

output_18

Any I/O pin can be used for a PWM output, but these are the DAC pins on the ESP32-WROOM ‎Thing Plus.‎

Note: By default, in the Arduino IDE, analogWrite() accepts an 8-bit value. To change the ‎resolution of the PWM signal for the analogWrite() function, use ‎the analogWriteResolution(bits) function.‎

‎(*The PWM output is not a true analog signal. For a true analog output, please refer to the DAC ‎API for GPIO 25 and GPIO 26.)‎

Note: To learn more about pulse width modulation (PWM), check out this great tutorial.‎

pulse_19

Pulse Width Modulation

An introduction to the concept of Pulse Width Modulation.‎

SERIAL COMM.‎

Serial Communication Pins

The ESP32-WROOM module provides three UART ports. By default, the UART port for the USB ‎connection (Serial) and the labeled UART I/O pins on the board (Serial1) can be accessed ‎through the Arduino IDE using the serial communication class.‎ ‎

ports_20

Default UART ports on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Note: By default, in the Arduino IDE, the SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C board definition ‎supports:‎

Serial - UART (USB)‎
Serial1 - Pins: RX/TX (GPIO 16/GPIO 17)‎

In order to utilize the serial communication on the strapping pins, users will need to create a custom ‎serial port object and declare which pins to access.‎

Note: To learn more about serial communication, check out this great tutorial.‎

serial_21 ‎

Serial Communication

Asynchronous serial communication concepts: packets, signal levels, baud rates, UARTs and more!‎

Note: We have noticed that with the ESP32 Arduino core, Serial.available() does not operate ‎instantaneously. This is due to an interrupt triggered by the UART, to empty the FIFO when ‎the RX pin is inactive for two-byte periods:

At 9600 baud, hwAvailable takes [number of bytes received + 2] x 1 ms = 11 ms before ‎the UART indicates that data was received from: \r\nERROR\r\n
At 115200 baud, hwAvailable takes [number of bytes received + 2] x .087 ms = ~1 ‎ms before the UART indicates that data was received from: \r\nERROR\r\n.‎

For more information, please refer to this chatroom discussion.‎

SPI

SPI Communication

The ESP32-WROOM module provides three SPI buses. By default, in the Arduino IDE, the SPI ‎class is configured to utilize pins GPIO 18 (SCK), GPIO 19 (POCI), GPIO 23 (PICO). These pins ‎share the same SPI bus as the µSD card slot, which utilizes pin 5 (SS) for its chip select. In order ‎to utilize the other SPI ports or objects, users will need to create a custom SPI object and declare ‎which pins to access.‎

Note: To comply with the latest OSHW design practices, we have adopted the new SPI signal ‎nomenclature (SDO/SDI and PICO/POCI). The terms Master and Slave are now referred to as ‎Controller and Peripheral. The MOSI signal on a controller has been replaced with SDO or PICO. ‎Please refer to this announcement on the decision to deprecate the MOSI/MISO terminology and ‎transition to the SDO/SDI naming convention.‎ ‎

bus_22

Default SPI bus connections on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

table_23 ‎

Note: To learn more about the serial peripheral interface (SPI) protocol, check out this great tutorial.‎

spi_24

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)‎

SPI is commonly used to connect microcontrollers to peripherals such as sensors, shift registers, ‎and SD cards.‎

I²C

I²C Communication Pins

The ESP32-WROOM module can support up to two I²C buses. By default, in the Arduino IDE, ‎the Wire class is configured to utilize pins GPIO 21 (SDA) and GPIO 22 (SCL). These pins share ‎the same I²C bus with the Qwiic connector and MAX17048 fuel gauge. In order to utilize the ‎other I²C ports, users will need to create a custom Wire object and declare which pins to access.‎ ‎

i2c_25

Default I²C bus connections for the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

table_26 ‎

Note: To learn more about the inter-integrated circuit (I²C) protocol, check out this great tutorial.‎

controller_27 ‎

I2C

An introduction to I2C, one of the main embedded communications protocols in use today.‎

Buttons

There are two buttons on ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus: an RST and BOOT button.‎

Reset Button

The RST (reset) button allows users to reset the program running on the ESP32-WROOM module ‎without unplugging the board.‎

button_28

RST button on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Boot Button

The BOOT button can be used to force the board into the serial bootloader. Holding down ‎the BOOT button, while connecting the board to a computer through its USB-C connector or resetting ‎the board will cause it to enter the Firmware Download mode. The board will remain in this mode ‎until it power cycles (happens automatically after uploading new firmware) or the RST button is ‎pressed.‎

1. Hold the BOOT button down

2. Reset the MCU

o While unpowered, connect the board to a computer with through the USB-C ‎connection
o While powered, press the RST button

3. Release the BOOT button

4. After programming is completed, reboot the MCU

Press the RST button.‎
Power cycle the board.‎

boot_29

BOOT button on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Note: The BOOT button is also connected to GPIO 0, which controls the voltage output to the Qwiic ‎connector. Therefore, pressing the BOOT button will momentarily disable power to the Qwiic ‎connector.‎

Indicator LEDs

There are four indicator LEDs on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus:‎

PWR: Power (Red)
CHG: Battery Charging (Yellow)
‎13: GPIO 13 (Blue)
WS2812: GPIO 02 (RGB)‎

Power LED

The red, power (PWR) LED will light up once 3.3V is supplied to the board. For most users, it will ‎light up when 5V is supplied through the USB connection and/or when a LiPo battery is attached to ‎the JST connector.

status_30

ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus PWR status LED indicator.‎

Battery Charging LED

The yellow, battery charging (CHG) LED indicates the status of the MCP73831 charge management ‎controller. The LED will shut off when no battery is present, when the charge management ‎controller is in standby (after the battery charging has been completed), or when the charge ‎management controller is shutdown. The LED will illuminate when the charge management ‎controller is in the process of charging the battery. For more information, please refer to ‎the MCP73831 datasheet.‎

charge_31

The battery charging (CHG) LED indicator on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

table_32

STAT LED

The blue, status (STAT) LED is typically used as a test or status LED to make sure that a board is ‎working or for basic debugging. This indicator is connected to GPIO 13.‎

status_33 ‎

The status (STAT) LED indicator on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

WS2812 RGB LED

The WS2812 RGB LED is controlled with a 24-bit (GRB) data signal. This indicator is connected ‎to GPIO 02 and the digital output pin from the LED is available through a test point. For more ‎information, please refer to the WS2812C datasheet.‎

data_34

WS2812 LED indicator on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Note: The latest ESP32 Arduino core, now provides a basic RGB LED driver for a WS2812 (or ‎NeoPixel) LED populated the board. For an example of how to utilize the RGB LED driver check out ‎the BlinkRGB example code, which can be accessed from the File drop down ‎menu (i.e File > Examples > ESP32 > GPIO > BlinkRGB).‎

‎µSD Slot‎

Note: To comply with the latest OSHW design practices, we have adopted the new SPI signal ‎nomenclature (SDO/SDI and PICO/POCI). The terms Master and Slave are now referred to as ‎Controller and Peripheral. Please refer to this announcement on the decision to transition to the ‎new naming convention.‎

The ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C) includes an µSD card slot. This is great for data logging ‎applications or storing files. The µSD card slot is connected to the following dedicated GPIO:‎

GPIO 5: DATA 3/CS
N/A: DATA 2
N/A: DATA 1
GPIO 19: DATA 0/POCI (or Peripheral's SDO)
GPIO 18: CLK/SCK
GPIO 23: CMD/PICO (or Peripheral's SDI)‎

card_35

‎µSD card slot on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Jumpers

There are two jumpers on the back of the board that can be used to easily modify the hardware ‎connections on the board.‎

SHLD - This jumper can be used to disconnect the USB shield from GND
PWR - This jumper can be used to remove power to the PWR LED
CHG LED - This jumper can be used to remove power to the CHG LED

Avoid cutting the box's silkscreen; there are traces under it:‎

traces_36

Traces around the CHG LED jumper.‎

jumper_37 ‎

The jumpers on the back of the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Never modified a jumper before? Check out our Jumper Pads and PCB Traces tutorial for a quick ‎introduction!‎

how_38 ‎

How to Work with Jumper Pads and PCB Traces

Primary I²C Bus

The Qwiic connector and battery fuel gauge are attached to the primary I²C bus. The primary I²C ‎bus for this board utilizes the pin connections, detailed in the table below:‎

table_39

Battery Fuel Gauge

The MAX17048 fuel gauge measures the approximate charge or discharge rate, state of charge ‎‎(SOC) (based on ModelGauge algorithm), and voltage of a connected battery. Additionally, the chip ‎is powered directly from VBAT, when a LiPo battery is connected. For more information, please ‎refer to the MAX17048 datasheet.‎

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The MAX17048 fuel gauge on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

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Note: The Alert pin for the MAX17048 is not connected and cannot be utilized.‎

Qwiic Connector

A Qwiic connector is provided for users to seamlessly integrate with SparkFun's Qwiic Ecosystem.‎

qwiic_42

Qwiic connector and I²C pins on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Power Control

In order to enable power for the Qwiic connector, users must toggle GPIO 0 high. This enables the ‎power output from the XC6222 LDO regulator to the Qwiic connector, which can source up ‎to 700mA at 3.3V . In order to conserve battery power or in low power applications, users can ‎toggle GPIO 0 low, to disable the power to the Qwiic connector.‎

Note: GPIO 0 is also connected to the BOOT button. Therefore, pressing the BOOT button will ‎momentarily disable power to the Qwiic connector.‎

What is Qwiic?‎

The Qwiic system is intended a quick, hassle-free cabling/connector system for I²C devices. Qwiic ‎is actually a play on words between "quick" and I²C or "iic".

Features of the Qwiic System

NO SOLDERING

Keep your soldering iron at bay.‎

Cables plug easily between boards making quick work of setting up a new prototype. We currently ‎offer three different lengths of Qwiic cables as well as a breadboard friendly cable to connect any ‎Qwiic enabled board to anything else. Initially you may need to solder headers onto the shield to ‎connect your platform to the Qwiic system but once that’s done it’s plug and go!‎

cables_43 ‎

Qwiic cables connected to Spectral Sensor Breakout

POLARIZED CONNECTOR

Minimize your mistakes.‎

How many times have you swapped the SDA and SCL wires on your breadboard hoping the sensor ‎will start working? The Qwiic connector is polarized so you know you’ll have it wired correctly, every ‎time, from the start.‎

The PCB connector is part number SM04B-SRSS (Datasheet) or equivalent. The mating connector ‎used on cables is part number SHR04V-S-B or equivalent. This is a common and low-cost ‎connector.‎

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‎1mm pitch, 4-pin JST connector

DAISY CHAIN

Expand with ease.‎

It’s time to leverage the power of the I²C bus! Most Qwiic boards will have two or more connectors ‎on them allowing multiple devices to be connected.‎

chain_45

Shown above: Qwiic Shield for Arduino on RedBoard, Spectral Sensor Breakout - NIR, Spectral Sensor Breakout - ‎Visible, and SparkFun GPS Breakout

Hardware Assembly

USB Programming

The USB connection is utilized for programming and serial communication. Users only need to plug ‎their ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus into a computer using a USB-C cable.‎

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The ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus with USB-C cable attached.‎

Battery

For remote IoT applications, a Li-Po battery can be connected. Additionally, users may be ‎interested in utilizing a solar panel and USB-C cable to recharge their battery.‎ ‎

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The ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus with a battery connected.‎

Note: DO NOT remove batteries by pulling on their wires. Instead, it is recommended that pair of ‎dikes (i.e., diagonal wire cutters), pliers, or tweezers be used to pull on the JST connector housing, ‎to avoid damaging the battery wiring.‎

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‎Using a pair of dikes to disconnect a battery.‎

Headers

The pins for the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus are broken out to 0.1"-spaced pins on the outer ‎edges of the board. When selecting headers, be sure you are aware of the functionality you need. ‎If you have never soldered before or need a quick refresher, check out our How to Solder: ‎Through-Hole Soldering guide.‎

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Soldering headers to the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

The Feather Stackable Header Kit is a great option as it allows users to stack shields (w/ Feather ‎footprint) or it can be placed on the a breadboard; while, the pins are still accessible from the ‎female/male headers.‎

‎µSD Card Slot‎

The ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus (USB-C) includes a µSD card slot on the back of the board. The ‎card holder functions through a push/pull operation. (The card slot doesn't include a spring ‎retention mechanism; cards are held in place through friction.)‎

holder_50 ‎

Users can slide-in or pull-out a µSD card from the card holder. ‎

Qwiic Devices

The Qwiic system allows users to effortlessly prototype with a Qwiic compatible I²C device without ‎soldering. Users can attach any Qwiic compatible sensor or board, with just a Qwiic cable. (*The ‎example below, is for demonstration purposes and is not pertinent to the board functionality or this ‎tutorial.)‎

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The BME688 environmental and VL53L1X distance Qwiic sensor boards connected to the ESP32-‎WROOM Thing Plus.‎

Software Overview

CH340 Driver

Users will need to install the appropriate driver for their computer to recognize the serial-to-UART ‎chip on their board/adapter. Most of the latest operating systems will recognize CH340C chip on ‎the board and automatically install the required driver.‎

To manually install the CH340 driver on their computer, users can download it from the WCH ‎website. For more information, check out our How to Install CH340 Drivers Tutorial.‎

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How to Install CH340 Drivers

How to install CH340 drivers (if you need them) on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.‎

Arduino IDE

Note: For first-time users, who have never programmed before and are looking to use the Arduino ‎IDE, we recommend beginning with the SparkFun Inventor's Kit (SIK), which includes a simpler ‎board like the Arduino Uno or SparkFun RedBoard and is designed to help users get started ‎programming with the Arduino IDE.‎

Most users may already be familiar with the Arduino IDE and its use. However, for those of you who ‎have never heard the name Arduino before, feel free to check out the Arduino website. To get ‎started with using the Arduino IDE, check out our tutorials below:‎

Installing an Arduino Library: How do I install a custom Arduino library? It's easy! This ‎tutorial will go over how to install an Arduino library using the Arduino Library Manager. For libraries ‎not linked with the Arduino IDE, we will also go over manually installing an Arduino library.‎
What is an Arduino? What is this 'Arduino' thing anyway? This tutorial dives into what an ‎Arduino is and along with Arduino projects and widgets.‎
Installing Arduino IDE: A step-by-step guide to installing and testing the Arduino software on ‎Windows, Mac, and Linux.‎
Installing Board Definitions in the Arduino IDE: How do I install a custom Arduino ‎board/core? It's easy! This tutorial will go over how to install an Arduino board definition using the ‎Arduino Board Manager. We will also go over manually installing third-party cores, such as the ‎board definitions required for many of the SparkFun development boards.‎

Install Board Definition

Install the latest ESP32 board definitions in the Arduino IDE.‎

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Installing Board Definitions in the Arduino IDE

How do I install a custom Arduino board/core? It's easy! This tutorial will go over how to install an ‎Arduino board definition using the Arduino Board Manager. We will also go over manually installing ‎third-party cores, such as the board definitions required for many of the SparkFun development ‎boards.‎

Note: For more instructions, users can follow this tutorial on Installing Additional Cores provided by ‎Arduino. Users will also need the .json file for the Espressif Arduino core:‎

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-‎pages/package_esp32_index.json

When selecting a board to program in the Arduino IDE, users should select the SparkFun ESP32 ‎Thing Plus C from the Tools drop down menu (i.e., Tools > Board > ESP32 ‎Arduino > SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C). Alternatively, users can also select the ESP32 Dev ‎Module; however, they may lose some pin assignments (i.e., LED_BUILTIN).‎

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Selecting the SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C from the Tools drop down menu in the Arduino IDE. ‎

Note: In the Arduino 2.0.x IDE users can also select the board from the Select Board drop down ‎menu and search for the SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C:‎

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‎Selecting the SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C in the Arduino 2.0.x IDE.‎

Arduino Example: Blink

First-Time Users:‎

With the driver and ESP32 Arduino core installed, users are ready to program their board! When ‎selecting a board to program, users should select the SparkFun ESP32 Thing Plus C in the ‎Arduino IDE.‎

Once the ESP32 Thing Plus is connected to a computer with a USB cable, the board will be ‎assigned a unique port identifier. On Windows machines, this should appear as COM#, and on Macs ‎or Linux computers it should be /dev/tty.usbserial-####### in the Arduino IDE. Before code can ‎be uploaded, users will need to select the port that the board has been assigned to.‎

Loading Blink

To make sure the toolchain and board are properly set up, let us try to upload a simple sketch! ‎The STAT LED attached to GPIO 13 is perfect for a simple test. Copy and paste the example sketch ‎below into a fresh Arduino sketch:‎

Copy Code

int ledPin = 13;

void setup()
{
    pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
    Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop()
{
    Serial.println("Hello, world!");
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    delay(500);
}

With everything setup correctly, upload the code! Once the upload is complete, open the serial ‎monitor and set the baud rate to 115200. Users should see a Hello, world! print statement begin ‎to fly by.‎

If the blue LED remains dimly lit, it's probably still sitting in the bootloader. After uploading a sketch, ‎users may need to tap the RST button to get their ESP32 Thing Plus to begin running the sketch.‎

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Users may also notice that when the ESP32 boots up it prints out a long sequence of debug ‎messages. These are emitted every time the chip resets -- always at 115200 baud.‎

Arduino Example: Wi-Fi

‎Note: Users should be utilizing the 2.4GHz band of their wireless router. The current ESP32 ‎modules aren't compatible with 5GHz Wi-Fi signals; users will need to wait for the ESP32-C5 for ‎that feature. To get notifications on our latest products, sign-up for our newsletter!‎

The ESP32 Arduino core includes a handful of Wi-Fi examples, which demonstrate everything from ‎scanning for nearby networks. These Wi-Fi examples are available under ‎the File > Examples > Wi-Fi drop-down menu in the Arduino IDE.‎

Below, is a more advanced example utilizing the Wi-Fi Arduino library. It demonstrates how to ‎connect to a nearby Wi-Fi network and poll a remote domain (http://example.com/) as a client.‎

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#include <WiFi.h>

// WiFi network name and password:
const char * networkName = "YOUR_NETWORK_HERE";
const char * networkPswd = "YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE";

// Internet domain to request from:
const char * hostDomain = "example.com";
const int hostPort = 80;

const int BUTTON_PIN = 0;
const int LED_PIN = 13;

void setup()
{
  // Initilize hardware:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Connect to the WiFi network (see function below loop)
  connectToWiFi(networkName, networkPswd);

  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // LED off
  Serial.print("Press button 0 to connect to ");
  Serial.println(hostDomain);
}

void loop()
{
  if (digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW)
  { // Check if button has been pressed
    while (digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW)
      ; // Wait for button to be released

    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on LED
    requestURL(hostDomain, hostPort); // Connect to server
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Turn off LED
  }
}

void connectToWiFi(const char * ssid, const char * pwd)
{
  int ledState = 0;

  printLine();
  Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi network: " + String(ssid));

  WiFi.begin(ssid, pwd);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) 
  {
    // Blink LED while we're connecting:
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, ledState);
    ledState = (ledState + 1) % 2; // Flip ledState
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("WiFi connected!");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void requestURL(const char * host, uint8_t port)
{
  printLine();
  Serial.println("Connecting to domain: " + String(host));

  // Use WiFiClient class to create TCP connections
  WiFiClient client;
  if (!client.connect(host, port))
  {
    Serial.println("connection failed");
    return;
  }
  Serial.println("Connected!");
  printLine();

  // This will send the request to the server
  client.print((String)"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
               "Host: " + String(host) + "\r\n" +
               "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
  unsigned long timeout = millis();
  while (client.available() == 0) 
  {
    if (millis() - timeout > 5000) 
    {
      Serial.println(">>> Client Timeout !");
      client.stop();
      return;
    }
  }

  // Read all the lines of the reply from server and print them to Serial
  while (client.available()) 
  {
    String line = client.readStringUntil('\r');
    Serial.print(line);
  }

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("closing connection");
  client.stop();
}

void printLine()
{
  Serial.println();
  for (int i=0; i<30; i++)
    Serial.print("-");
  Serial.println();
}

Make sure to fill in the networkName and networkPswd variables, at the beginning of the sketch, with ‎the name (or SSID) and password of your Wi-Fi network! Once that is done, upload the sketch to ‎the board and open the Serial Monitor of the Arduino IDE.‎

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Example of the report out in the Serial Monitor.‎

After the ESP32 connects to the Wi-Fi network, it will wait for the user to press the BOOT button. ‎Tapping the button will cause the ESP32 to make an HTTP request to example.com. The board ‎should return a string of HTTP headers and HTML code, as shown above.‎

Arduino Example: BLE

Note: This example requires a compatible BLE app on a smart phone. We recommend the BLE ‎Scanner for iPhone or Android. Also, don't forget to enable the Bluetooth connection on the phone.‎

The ESP32 Arduino core also includes several Bluetooth examples that range from acting as a ‎simple BLE device to functioning as a Bluetooth server. This example will demonstrate how users ‎can send messages from their phone to ESP32 Thing Plus; and then display the message in the ‎serial monitor. Users will need to install the BLE Scanner app (iPhone or Android) on their smart ‎phone and enable the Bluetooth connection.‎

The example code is built into the Arduino IDE for the ESP32 Arduino core (users need to select ‎and ESP32 board definition first). Once an ESP32 board has been selected, the built-in BLE ‎examples will become available; select the BLE_write example from the Files > Examples > ESP32 ‎BLE Arduino > BLE_write drop down menu. Compile and upload the example code. Make sure ‎the correct port has been selected for the board.‎

Copy Code

/*
    Based on Neil Kolban example for IDF: https://github.com/nkolban/esp32-snippets/blob/master/cpp_utils/tests/BLE%20Tests/SampleWrite.cpp
    Ported to Arduino ESP32 by Evandro Copercini
*/

#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>

// See the following for generating UUIDs:
// https://www.uuidgenerator.net/

#define SERVICE_UUID        "4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID "beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361b26a8"


class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
    void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
      std::string value = pCharacteristic->getValue();

      if (value.length() > 0) {
        Serial.println("*********");
        Serial.print("New value: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++)
          Serial.print(value[i]);

        Serial.println();
        Serial.println("*********");
      }
    }
};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  Serial.println("1- Download and install an BLE scanner app in your phone");
  Serial.println("2- Scan for BLE devices in the app");
  Serial.println("3- Connect to MyESP32");
  Serial.println("4- Go to CUSTOM CHARACTERISTIC in CUSTOM SERVICE and write something");
  Serial.println("5- See the magic =)");

  BLEDevice::init("MyESP32");
  BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();

  BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);

  BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
                                         CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
                                         BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ |
                                         BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE
                                       );

  pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());

  pCharacteristic->setValue("Hello World");
  pService->start();

  BLEAdvertising *pAdvertising = pServer->getAdvertising();
  pAdvertising->start();
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  delay(2000);
}

Once the upload completes, open the serial monitor set the baud rate to 115200 bps.‎

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Then open the BLE Scanner app on a smart phone. User should see several BLE devices ‎displayed; scroll through and connect to MyESP32.‎

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Once connected, users will be taken to the following page. Select CUSTOM SERVICE to set ‎communication capability required for this example.‎

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The next page, select the Write, Read option.‎

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Finally, select the Write Value option to send a message to the board.‎

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Make sure to select the Text option in the dialog box. Then, write a message in the text box and ‎click the Write button.‎

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Now take look at the serial monitor, users should see New value: followed by the entry from the ‎text box.‎

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This is just a quick walk through of one of the provided examples. We recommend looking through ‎the rest of the BLE examples and playing with the code. For more information on Bluetooth ‎technology and how it works, check out our Bluetooth Basics Tutorial.‎

Arduino Example: Test Sketches

For additional examples, users can check out the Test Sketches that we used to verify the ‎functionality of the board during our development phase. These can be downloaded from ‎the GitHub repository for the board hardware:‎

CLICK TO DOWNLOAD THE REPOSITORY

AnalogInSerialOut - Basic (USB) UART and ADC pin test
AnalogWrite - Uses SigmaDelta API to test the ADC pins
I2C_Scanner_PowerControl - Toggles power to Qwiic connector and scans I²C bus
MAX17048_FuelGauge - Tests MAX17048 chip (requires connected LiPo battery)‎
RGB_LED - Tests the WS2812 RGB LED
SD_Test - Tests µSD card slot (requires compatible µSD card)‎
Unit_Test - Basic QC test
blink_gpio - Blinks all the GPIO on the board

Troubleshooting Tips

Not working as expected and need help?‎

If you need technical assistance and more information on a product that is not working as you ‎expected, we recommend heading on over to the SparkFun Technical Assistance page for some ‎initial troubleshooting.‎

SPARKFUN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PAGE

If you can't find what you need there, you'll need a Forum Account to search product forums and ‎post questions.‎

Upload Issues

If users are have issues during the uploading process, they can try to manually force the board into ‎the serial bootloader with the BOOT button. Holding down the BOOT button, while connecting the ‎board to a computer through its USB-C connector or resetting the board will cause the MCU to ‎enter the Firmware Download mode and its serial bootloader. The board will remain in this mode ‎until it power cycles (happens automatically after uploading new firmware) or the RST button is ‎pressed.‎

‎1.‎ Hold the BOOT button down

‎‎2.‎ Reset the MCU

‎o While unpowered, connect the board to a computer with through the USB-C ‎connection

‎o While powered, press the RST button

‎‎3.‎ Release the BOOT button

‎‎4.‎ After programming is completed, reboot the MCU

o Press the RST button

o Power cycle the board.‎

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BOOT button on the ESP32-WROOM Thing Plus.‎

COM Port Not Shown

If the board doesn't appear on a COM port, double check the correct driver has been installed. ‎Unlike previous versions of the ESP32 Thing Plus, this variant requires the CH340 driver to be ‎installed. For more information, check out our How to Install CH340 Drivers Tutorial.‎

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How to Install CH340 Drivers

How to install CH340 drivers (if you need them) on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.‎

Users can also check their USB cable; some cables are power only. Try testing the cable with a ‎smart phone or tablet to see if it appears as a device on the computer. If the phone/tablet doesn't ‎appear, then the USB cable is power only.‎

Serial Stream Difficulties

We have noticed that with the ESP32 Arduino core, Serial.available() does not operate ‎instantaneously. This is due to an interrupt triggered by the UART, to empty the FIFO when ‎the RX pin is inactive for two-byte periods:‎

At 9600 baud, hwAvailable takes [number‎ of bytes received + 2] x 1 ms = 11 ms before the UART indicates that data was received ‎from: \r\nERROR\r\n‎
At 115200 baud, hwAvailable takes [number of bytes received + 2] x .087 ms = ~1 ‎ms before the UART indicates that data was received from: \r\nERROR\r\n‎

For more information, please refer to this chatroom discussion‎.

‎µSD Card‎

Make sure that the µSD card is compatible with the Arduino library being used for it. For example, ‎the default SD Arduino library is only compatible with FAT16 or FAT32 file systems; therefore, the ‎card capacity is limited to 16GB or 32GB and smaller. Another consideration is that the library was ‎also written to only handle short 8.3 names for files.‎

Qwiic Connector Power

For users having issues with the power to their Qwiic devices, don't forget that GPIO 0 controls the ‎power output from the XC6222 LDO regulator to the Qwiic connector. Users must toggle GPIO ‎‎0 high to enable power for the Qwiic connector. In order to conserve battery power or in low power ‎applications, users can toggle GPIO 0 low, to disable the power to the Qwiic connector.‎

Note: GPIO 0 is also connected to the BOOT button. Therefore, pressing the BOOT button will ‎momentarily disable power to the Qwiic connector.‎

Current Consumption

For ultra-low power projects, these are the current consumption of the individual components, as ‎specified in their datasheet:‎