The construction of RCL series parts is similar to that of standard thick-film chip resistors in many regards, but there is a difference which impacts performance in a number of ways. Starting with what the product types have in common, both standard thick-film and RCL series parts are built upon a ceramic substrate chip. At the ends of the chip there is what is known as wrap-around termination, with inner electrodes covered by a nickel barrier and with a solder plating. On top of the ceramic chip substrate, making an electrical connection between the part terminals, is a thick-film ruthenium oxide resistive element. This resistive element is trimmed to achieve the desired final resistance value. Above the thick-film resistive element is an overglaze layer and a protective top coat.