Taking that concept a little bit further up the line to the consumer, the image on the top right of this slide shows a substation with various neighborhoods which all communicate in a smart grid using different protocols. In the lower left-hand image a typical house can be seen, which is wired or wirelessly connected in a smart grid. Shown are the home automation, heat cost locators, and the car charging along with a heat generator or electricity generator, like solar or wind, all of which can feed into the same smart grid. A smart grid includes the electrical, water, and/or gas meters in addition to other segments in the home such as thermostats, smart appliances and home displays, and electrical charging vehicles.