The Allegro BiCMOS process is used to design accurate amplifiers and medium-density digital circuitry for factory programming of the gain and offset over-temperature. Both the Hall element and the amplifier are chopper-stabilized for enhanced accuracy (<0.5% error of the full-scale current) and offset drift performance (<8 mV max over-temp). In applications that work at lower frequencies, the output can be further filtered to lower the noise on the output and improve the resolution. This is the result of innovations in the proprietary chopper stabilization, improved amplifier, and filtering techniques that Allegro has developed and patented, resulting in the industry-leading low-noise performance of the Hall IC output signal. The most important advantage of this approach as compared to the conventional chopper resides in the cancellation of the amplifier input offset (>2x reduction), low-frequency input noise components (up to 40x reduction), and residual offsets due to input switching spikes without requiring any low-pass filtering. This allows analog output response times of less than 2 µs, hence sensing higher frequency switching systems like inverters thanks to its high bandwidth up to 400 kHz.